Moreover, writers develop fiction and nonfiction ideas for plays, novels, poems, and other related works. They report, analyze, and interpret facts, events, and personalities. They likewise review art, music, drama, and other artistic presentations, and persuade the general public to choose or favor certain goods, services, and personalities. Journalism jobs include the assigning, selecting, and preparing written materials for publication. They also make arrangements , even rewriting, verifying, and compiling abstract materials to conform to standards of consistency, organization, development, or specified viewpoint. Of course, the coordination of the work with authors, designers, production personnel, and printers must go smoothly.
Recalling its historical link, jobs in journalism have already manifested. In fact, fragments of papyrus left by ancient Egyptians and reports of public readings made by early Greeks were discovered and marked as the first known use of written languages, dating from about 3000 B.C. A number of technical obstacles had to be overcome before printing and the professions of writer and editor evolved. Further, books in the Middle Ages were copied by hand on parchment. The ornate style that marked these books helped ensure their rarity. Also, few people were able to read. Religious fervor prohibited reading the bible, as in the case of art, as well as the reproduction of secular literature. Eventually, the development of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the middle of the fifteenth century, the liberalism of the Protestant Reformation, which helped encouraged a wider range of publications, greater literacy, and the creation of a number of works of literary merit helped develop a publishing industry as well as jobs in journalism. The first authors worked directly with printers. As errors of logic, grammar, or type appeared, the necessity for editors also became apparent. The eighteenth century marks the birth of the modern publishing age. Printing became mechanized, and the novel, magazine, and newspaper began their rise. The first newspaper in the American colonies appeared in the early eighteenth century, but it was Benjamin Franklin who, as editor, made the Pennsylvania Gazette one of the most influential in setting a high standard for his fellow Apmerican journalists. Likewise, it was Franklin who published the first magazine in the colonies, the American Magazine, in 1741.
Editor employment surmounted as advances in the printing trades, photoengraving, retailing, and the availability of capital produced a boom in newspapers and magazines in the nineteenth century. Further, mechanization in the printing field, such as the use of the linotype machine, high-speed rotary presses, set the stage color reproduction processes, set the stage for still further growth in the book, newspaper, and magazine industry.
In addition to the print media, the broadcasting and journalism industry has contributed to the occupations of writer and editor careers. Since the introduction of radio by Marconi in 1895 and the development of television beginning in 1923, the field of broadcasting has been growing and provides enormous influence over millions of lives. It is a source of entertainment, information, and education that provides employment for thousands of people, including writers and editors.
Writers and journalist jobs have been linked through the field of communications. Specifically, they deal with the written word, whether it is destined for the printed page or for broadcast. The nature of their work is as varied as the materials they produce: books, magazines, trade journals, newspapers, technical reports, company newsletters, and other publications. Likewise, advertisements, scripts for motion picture and stage productions, and scripts for radio and television broadcast are included. To define the occupations broadly, writers develop and write fiction and nonfiction prose for the various media – editors assign work to writers, and select and prepare the materials for publication or broadcasting process.
Meanwhile, the journalism careers of prose writers have posed a unique perspective. They may select a topic of personal interest or may be assigned one with an editor to suit the needs of a particular publication or broadcast. In either case, they begin by gathering as much information as possible about the subject, through library research, interviews, and personal experience and observation. They keep extensive notes from which they draw material for the story or article. Once the material has been organized and arranged in a logical sequence, the writers prepare a written outline. The process of developing a piece of writing is a dynamic one. A writer may start out with a certain purpose or goal in mind only to discover, while researching and outlining the material, that a different perspective or a related topic would be more effective, entertaining, or interesting. Meanwhile, fiction writers have the additional factors of plot, characterization, and story line to develop.
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